Canada: Transportation

[Source: 1998 CIA World Factbook]

Railways

• total: 72,963 km; note—there are two major transcontinental freight railway systems: Canadian National (privatized November 1995) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service provided by government-operated firm VIA, which has no trackage of its own
• standard gauge: 72,963 km 1.435-m gauge (183 km electrified) (1996)

Highways

• total: 1.021 million km
• paved: 358,371 km (including 19,000 km of expressways)
• unpaved: 662,629 km (1995 est.)

Waterways: 3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway

Pipelines: crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km

Ports and harbors: Becancour (Quebec), Churchill, Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, New Westminster, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick), Saint John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Sydney, Trois-Rivieres, Thunder Bay, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor

Merchant marine

• total: 57 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 638,267 GRT/902,923 DWT
• ships by type: bulk 10, cargo 9, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 16, passenger 2, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 1
• note: does not include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes (1997 est.)

Airports: 1,393 (1997 est.)

Airports—with paved runways:

• total: 515
• over 3,047 m: 17
• 2,438 to 3,047 m: 16
• 1,524 to 2,437 m: 149
• 914 to 1,523 m: 240
• under 914 m: 93 (1997 est.)

Airports—with unpaved runways

• total: 878
• 1,524 to 2,437 m: 73
• 914 to 1,523 m: 350
• under 914 m: 455 (1997 est.)

Heliports: 17 (1997 est.)