Contents

Annika Hohenthal, Department of English, University of Turku, Finland

2 The Spread of English around the World

• The New Englishes
• The Power of English
• The Parameters and Dimensions of the Power of English

3 A Historical Overview: English Travels to India

• The Establishment of the East India Company
• The Three Phases of the Introduction of Bilingualism in English in India
• Macaulay's Minute and the Beginnings of Bilingualism in English in India
• English becomes the Language of the Elite, Press and Administration -- English in Independent India
• The Power of English: the Case of India

4. Multilingualism in India

• Definition of the Concept of Multilingualism -- and How Does Multilingualism Develop?
• The Indian Case

5. Languages in India

• Fifteen National Languages; Hindi, the Official Language
• English in India; Figures - and Who Speaks English to Whom and When? -- The Role of English in Indian Multilingual Setting -- English as the Language of Administration and Press
• Language Planning: English in Education
• Indian English Literature
• Nativization of Indian English
• Is Diversification Decay?
• The Question of Standard English

6 Measuring Language Attitudes

• What is a Language Attitude?
• Measurement Techniques

7 Speech Repertoires in Multilingual Settings

• Various Codes of a Community
• Diglossia
• Domain Analysis

8 Methodology

• Hypothesis
• A Description of the Study
• The Informants

9 A Study of Role of and Attitudes towards the Use of English in India

• Domain Analysis
• The Family Domain
• Friendship Domain
• Neighbourhood
• Transactions
• Education
• Government
• Employment
• Attitude Survey
• Affective/Integrative Dimension
• Pragmatic/Instrumental Dimension
• Attitudes towards Hindi and Other Native Languages
• Other Findings
• The Model for English in India - the Informants' Views
• Possible Problems and Value of Attitude Surveys

Conclusion and Appendices

• Conclusion
• References
• Appendix A: The questionnaire
• Appendix B: A linguistic and political map of India
• Appendix C: Domain analysis (data).
• Appendix D: Attitude survey (data).